Sentani Lake

The lake is divisible into three main sectors with maximum recorded depths of 7 to 52 meters. Average annual rainfall around the lake is about 2 meters and lake level fluctuates about 0.4 m with seasonal variation in inflow. The lake is widely believed to have evolved by the tectonic damming and uplift of an arm of the sea, but such a connection has not been demonstrated.

 

Lake Sentani, near Jayapura at the northeastern extremity of Papua, lies at an elevation of 73 m in a fault-controlled depression mainly in Mesozoic mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Cyclops Ophiolite Belt. It is bounded by the Cyclops Mountains block to the north and the lower-standing terrain of the New Guinea fold thrust belt to the south. An irregularly shaped body with approximate maximum dimensions of 28 km (E-W) by 19 km (N-S) and a surface area of 10,400 ha, Lake Sentani is by far the largest of the Papua lakes. It is fed by a catchment area of about 600 km2 and has one outlet only, via the Jafuri and Tami rivers to the Pacific Ocean near the Papua New Guinea border.

 

The most recent survey (Renyaan, 1993) recorded 33 species of fish, of which 12 are indigenous, 8 anadromous and 13 introduced. Surveys over a 1 year period have shown an increase in introduced species but the impact on the total fish population has not been documented. Sawfish (Pristis microdon) up to 3 m or more were well known in the lake until the Seventies and are a common motif in traditional Sentani art, but appear to have become extinct. Fish are extensively raised in ponds and cages around the perimeter of the lake and the introduction of species (particularly carp and tilapia) has been both accidental and intentional.

 

  Because of its proximity to the provincial capital and the large population around it, Sentani is the best studied of Papua lakes. According to surveys in 1970-71, 1984 and 1987 the lake is thermally unstratified, with temperatures of 29-32 C in the top 10 m. Surface pH is 6.2-6.8 and, on the basis of turbidity, plankton levels are low at 1-2 mg/L except in the westernmost basin, where circulation is limited, turbidity is doubled and seasonal algal blooms, with resultant fish mortality, have been reported.

Preliminary bottom sediment samples from the eastern part of the lake have recently yielded sparse populations of arcellacean microfauna, dominated by Centropyxid types. In North America these species are found associated with brackish or polluted water conditions, raising the possibility that there is residual salinity in the deeper parts of the lake. Many of the Sentani people, who inhabit the islands, perimeter and environs of the lake, still have a traditional subsistence economy based on fishing and sago harvesting. This has been sustainable for centuries but local reports suggest that catch yields have diminished in recent years. Whether this is a result of overfishing (as a result of population growth and/or market pressure), pollution or introduction of foreign species is not established.

Many of the residents occupy dwellings built on posts over the lake, which thus serves as a depository for sewage, leading to locally high coliform counts but also to nutrient enrichment. Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes), introduced since the early Seventies, has become a major plant pest and may be contributing to decline of some species. Much of the mountainous terrain between the north shore of the lake and the ocean falls within the Cyclops Strict Nature Reserve. The future management of the reserve and buffer zone, and the environmental quality of the lake, are strongly interdependent. Recently a major reforestation project of grassland on the slopes surrounding the lake has been initiated, with the support of forest companies operating in Papua.

A major sustainable development issue for the inhabitants of the lake and surroundings is the existing proposal to build a hydroelectric generating facility, by means of a dam on the Jafuri River to divert the lake drainage eastward through a canal to a power station and thence to an outlet at the sea in Yotefa Bay near Jayapura. Several feasibility and environmental impact studies have yet to totally define the cost/benefit consequences of this project.

Raja Ampat

Raja Ampat casts a spell on all who visit – scientists, photographers, novice divers and crusty sea-salts alike. This group of majestic islands, located in the northwestern tip of Indonesia’s Papuan “Bird’s Head Seascape,” lies in the heart of the coral triangle, the most bio-diverse marine region on earth.

As stunningly beautiful above water as it is below, Raja Ampat (which literally translates as “The Four Kings”) has a startling diversity of habitats to explore. Each of these – from the stark wave-pounded slopes that drop away beneath the karst cliffs of Wayag and Uranie to the deep, nutrient-rich bays of Mayalibit, Kabui and Aljui to the “blue water mangrove” channels of Kofiau and Gam to the plankton-rich upwelling areas of Misool and the Dampier Strait – are home to unique assemblages of species that, when taken together, add to produce the most impressive species lists ever compiled for a coral reef system of this size.

Marine tourism, as a sustainable alternative to overfishing, mining, and logging, has the potential to play a key role in the conservation of Raja Ampat’s spectacular underwater realm, while also creating real benefits for the local communities. This website was designed as part of a larger effort to support the growth of sustainable marine tourism in Raja Ampat and the conservation of these magical islands.

The area’s massive coral colonies show that its reefs are resistant to threats like coral bleaching and disease —threats that now jeopardize the survival of corals around the world. In addition, Raja Ampat’s strong ocean currents sweep coral larvae across the Indian and Pacific Oceans to replenish other reef ecosystems. Raja Ampat’s coral diversity, resilience to threats, and ability to replenish reefs make it a global priority for marine protection.

Survey Confirms Highest Marine Biodiversity on Earth
In 2002, The Nature Conservancy and its partners conducted a scientific survey of the Raja Ampat Islands to collect information on its marine ecosystems, mangroves, and forests. The survey brought Raja Ampat’s total number of confirmed corals to 537 species— an incredible 75% of all known coral species. In addition, 899 fish species were recorded, raising the known total for Raja Ampat to an amazing 1,074. On land, the survey found lush forests, rare plants, limestone outcroppings, and nesting beachesfor thousands of sea turtles.

Though human impacts here are less severe than elsewhere in Indonesia, Raja Ampat’s natural resources are endangered by over fishing and destructive fishing, turtle poaching, and unsustainable logging. The Indonesian government recently established Raja Ampat as a separate administrative unit, which will give communities a greater say in managing the natural resources upon which their livelihoods depend. This structure also offers an important opportunity to include conservation in the spatial planning of the newly formed local government.

Ensuring Conservation through Partnerships
To address these issues, the Conservancy launched a new project to protect Raja Ampat, working in close partnership with the government and communities to: 1) contribute to a comprehensive conservation action plan to protect Raja Ampat’s reefs and forests; 2) help incorporate marine protected area management into long-term planning and policy; and, 3) establish a network of marine protected areas for Raja Ampat.
 

The Conservancy’s ultimate goal is to protect Raja Ampat’s magnificent reefs while sustaining the livelihoods of local people. Raja Ampat includes the four large islands of Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, and Misool, plus hundreds of smaller islands. The archipelago is part of an area known as the Bird’s Head functional seascape, which also contains Cenderawasih Bay, the largest marine national park in Indonesia.

Mekarsari... Amazing tourism fruit park

The garden of Wisata Mekar Sari was one of the centres of conservation of the biological diversity of the biggest tropics fruit in the world, especially the superior fruit kind that was gathered from all over the area in Indonesia, at the same time being the place of the cultivation research (agronomy), breeding (breeding) and the increase in the prime seed to afterwards be spread to the farmer and the public's community. This tour garden was located in the Cileungsi Subdistrict, Kabupaten Bogor, West Java. To head towards this location could be reached by the public's transport from Jakarta, Bogor and Bekasi, the route that headed towards the Representative.

The garden measuring 264 hectare this was supplemented with tour means for Indonesian Archipelago tourists and foreign countries. The tour in the middle of the garden was supported by various vehicles that brought closer the visitor to nature, in anatara him: Family Garden, Rekreasi Danau (20 ha), Baby Zoo, Rusa Tutul, Garden Center, Greenhouse Melon, Outbound, Bunga Bangkai, Kids Fun Valley, Menara Pandang, Bangunan Air Terjun (the Tirto Sari Temple).

The activities that became the visitor's favourite in part: Company Gathering, Piknik Keluarga, Wisata Kebun Buah/Sayur, Barbeque, Senam Pagi, Fruitwalk (walked around at the orchard).

The Tour garden “ the Mekar Sari Orchard “ that was in Cileungsi, Bogor – West Java, actually not the new tourist attraction. Already more than one tourist attraction decade was there. Only unfortunately not many that knew, understand that the promotion of our tour was quite sad. Almost did not can be heard.... his echo, from time to time indeed was in promoted in private enterprise's TV but aura him continue to still was overcast. Moreover the slogan of the government that want to made this 2008 as Visit Indonesia Year.... polished his promotion (to support the slogan) secuil also was not seen in this national tourist attraction.

Beside the draught with various trees that if again the fruitful season could be at once reaped and in ate in the place, this tourist attraction was also supplemented with other tour means like, the circle carriage, the tour car, tuk-tuk, the bicycle tandem, the motor atv, monorail, the duck boat, the rowing-boat, bombom car, the flora theatre, the water lily pond, the water garden, the canal boat, the centre of seedling cultivation, the shop, the shop souvenir the fruit, pujasera, Vila in the orchard forest, the entertainment stage and did not miss also challenge facilities outbound that really defiant as flying slid, descended steep, climbing the rope, went on the rope, climbed askew bamboo and all the rest.

This all was a package of the actual tour had the attraction that was good and appropriate to be visited. However once more love... in the normal day day most quiet the visitor, ‘agak ramainya’ only in Saturday/on Sunday or the holiday day (on Monday the holiday). As the standard, if in Tiongkok there almost all of his tourist attractions always was full was visited by local tourists and manca the country, including during dihari the work even. In fact if wanting to be considered.... our tourist attractions also many that did not lose good beauty and his uniqueness, this Mekar Sari example for example. But the fact is not many people that knew about this. Yes... what can one do... we could only be concerned. Lagi–lagi proved the matter how the weakness of the management to pariwisataan we.

Bogor Botanic Garden

Like that entered the main gate that was guarded by two Ganesha statues, the god of the Hindu policy, the visitor could choose four routes that were offered in the garden measuring 87 hectare that. Entered the route of one, we will trace Street Kenari, in accordance with the tree kind had a name latin Canarium commune that often grew in the region. This tree was planted by Johannes Elias Teysmann in 1832, penata the garden from the Netherlands that at that time held the office of the first curator of the Bogor Botanic Garden.

Apart from being overgrown by thousands species the good crop in and foreign, the Botanic Garden also was the "island" of the protected place for was varied birds in the middle of the developing city fast, was recorded by more than 50 birds kinds was here, a fairy kepodang, walik the flower, the thrush, kucica, kowak, the heron, and cinenen grey. Like that was seen that afternoon, dozens of herons milled about on the tree that grew in the middle of the pond, with his voice that was typical.

Continued the trip entered the second route, apart from will meet rimbunan the pandanus tree, the palm, and several ponds with various water crops. Very picturesque scenery could be experienced in Cafe Botanicus that was surrounded the meadow and the big pond were adorned with the water lily crop. In this place the visitor many that made use of him to rest or relax. Lay was based on grass or enjoyed food provisions with the family.

If you were the lover of the kind tree nail-pakuan, then the third route was his heaven this kind. There had the Mexican Garden, the part of the nature forest that was filled by the collection nail-pakuan, spices, the palm and the bat. For the lover of the orchid, in the route of the four Bogor botanic gardens also kept many valuable collections high. It is not surprising that in 1977, Siti Hartinah, the wife former President Soeharto mendanai the production of the special greenhouse for the wild orchid collection available in Indonesia. Unfortunately, to enter him must have special permission and bought the ticket before.

The existence of this garden started from the wish of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Javanese Governor to 1811-1816, to form the Istana Garden that was occupied by him to the stylish English garden. Two penata the garden from the Kew Botanic Garden in London, England deliberate was brought in by him. The arrangement for the sake of the arrangement then was carried out in order to bring about the dream would the beautiful garden. What was dreamt of by Raffles had finally succeeded in being realised by Casper Georg Carl Reinwardt that at the same time was crowned as the founder Lands Plantentuin, the name that was given the Dutch nation for the Botanic Garden. Reinwardt was Germans that that moved to Amsterdam and studied nature mathematics, with spesialisi botany and chemical knowledge.

Reindwardt then decided to gather all this plants in a botany garden in Bogor, that at that time was acknowledged as Buitenzorg, that was significant without the maintenance or the maintenance. This also gave the opportunity for him to collect plants and the seeds from various territories in the Malaya peninsula. This botanic garden that in the long run made Bogor the centre of the development of horticultural agriculture in Indonesia. Just in 1817, the land measuring 47 hectare that shared a border with the palace of Dutch Governor was appointed to become the Botanic Garden. Reinwardt was the first director (1817-1822). In 1830, penata the garden from the Netherlands Johannes Elias Teysmann became the curator of the botanic garden and spent spare time from 50 years to develop this garden.

Kintamani

In the area of mountains around Kintamani, was gotten Mount Batur with the crater lake that in and the seething hot spring. Cool mountainous air was accompanied by scenery all through the direction, was the same the beauty with the existence of several important temples, that made Kintamani become one of the places that was not forgotten in tourists's Balinese agenda. Mount Batur in fact only was one of the small volcanoes, but his location was in the middle of the big crater berdiameter 14 Km. Moreover, Mount Batur was neighbouring with the Batur Lake that had the shape of the sickle that was surrounded the high wall of crater outskirts. The measurement of the steepness of the crater will make you imagine the horrifying eruption from Mount Batur that happened ten thousand years ago.

This mountain is still active now like the Balinese inhabitants who still were remembering the eruption that happened during 1917 this where this eruption took thousands of lives and destroyed hundreds of temples. The other eruption often happened after this incident, so as to force the community to be local to be evacuated, together with several temples covered one of the main Balinese temples, Pura Ulun Danu. The Pura Ulun Danu temple that originally was in the big crater, afterwards was moved to the peak of the hill. Now, the Pura Ulun Danu Temple offered a Mount Batur scenery that captured.

You could reach the Mount Batur location by using the taxi or leasing the car. And you too could gather with a tour to visit Mount Batur and the Batur Lake. Tourists could change buses between Balinese Selatan and Lovina, afterwards stopped in Kintamani. On the north, was gotten a market, that will be full for three days that is on the Paseh Day (the inhabitants's Balinese calendar). This place was very interesting to be visited to see heterogenous the product beginning with results of the plantation like: the citrus fruit, corn, vegetables, the fruit; and the flower; the dry fish; the equipment; livestock breeding; pans and the basket; was increased with a big clothing market. And you too could look around the young man who directed Kintamani dogs that were big and feathered soft that was appreciated high all over Bali and was that also that diperjualbelikan .

The Trunyan village, the morgue tradition. Beginning with the Staff Bung -kah, many boats will cross the lake headed towards a village Balinese Aga, that was known by the name of Trunyan. This place was famous with his morgue tradition. Be different from pengkremasian the normal body was done by the Balinese inhabitants all over the island, the Trunyan community left the body body under the Trunyan tree in order to rot naturally in a special cemetery. Nevertheless, these bodies did not leave the smell stang.

Taman Safari Indonesia

The Indonesian safari park was the family's tourist attraction that have a perception the environment and was oriented towards the fauna habitat in the wild. This garden was located in two locations. The safari park Indonesian I was located in the Cibeureum Kecamatan Cisarua Village, Kabupaten Bogor. Whereas the Indonesian Safari Park Ii was located in the slope of the Arjuna Mountain, Prigen, of East Java. The safari park Indonesian I was built during 1930 his name of Safari Garden Radio and the Safari Park of Televisi Indonesia in 1948 to a tea plantation that has been unproductive. This garden became the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park support. This garden was located in the height 900-1800 m. on sea level, as well as had the temperature in general 16 - 24 Celsius levels.

This garden was maintained as the Nasional Tourist Attraction by Soesilo Soedarman, Minister Pariwisata Pos and the Telecommunications in the period. Furthermore, this garden was also declared as the Centre of Breeding of the Endangered Species in Indonesia by Hasyrul Harahap, the Forestry Minister in the period, on March 16 1990. The safari park had the fauna collection from almost all the corner of the world but also the local fauna, like the Komodo Dragon, Bison, Beruang Hitam Madu, Harimau Putih, Gajah, Anoa et cetera. The status of the land command under the authority of the Foundation of the Safari Park that also was the owner and the tourist attraction manager.

Facilities that were received in the Indonesian Safari Park that is the safari bus, the artificial lake, the water bicycle, the canoe, the swimming pool with seluncur the wave, the mini train that crossed the settlement in the style of Africa, the bird park, babby zoo, kincir the giant, the upside down elephant, the upside down horse, the comedy turned, the circus's stage, the area gocart, children apostr s play ground, the bomb bomb car, the devil's house, traditional art and conjuring in the stage were open the Ruyung Safari Hall.

Wild-Wild West. Uptil now you possibly often saw the attraction of the cowboy in the film in television. The chase scene, shot each other and pitted this mouth definitely to the interesting show and to entertainment in the house. But had you witnessed the attraction of the cowboy directly? If wanting to see him, you need not very far to his origin country in America there, but was enough to the Indonesian Safari Park (TSI) in Cisarua, Bogor. In TSI you could witness him to the vehicle of Wild-Wild West available at the back of TSI. Untuk watched this performance, the manager TSI did not charge the cost, the free alias. You were enough to pay the sign ticket entered the front TSI gate. The performance of this cowboy was performed every day in struck two afternoon. The spectator was provided the seat in the stand with setting half coiled. So all the performances could be seen clear from on top of the stand. The voice ringkihan the horse, the pistol and dynamite of the cowboys, as though was so close, because of the effect from sound system that was installed.

The Holy Bromo Mountain

Mount Bromo (from the language of Sansekerta/Java Kuna: Brahma, one of the main gods Hindu), was the volcano that still was active and most was known as the tourist attraction in East Java. As a tourist attraction, Mount Bromo became interesting because of his status as the volcano that still was active.

Bromo had the height 2.392 metre above sea level that was in four territories, namely the Probolinggo Regency, Pasuruan, Lumajang, and the Malang Regency. The form of the Mount Bromo body was related between the valley and the gorge and the caldera or the sand ocean measuring around 10 square kilometre. Mount Bromo had a crater with the diameter ± 800 metre (north-south) and ± 600 metre (east-west). Whereas the area of his danger of taking the form of the circle with fingers 4 km from the centre of the Bromo crater. For the 20th age, the mountain that was known as the tourist attraction exploded totalling three times, with the interval of time that was arranged, that is 30 years. The biggest eruption happened 1974, whereas the last eruption happened in 2004.

The trip through the west door from the side of pasuruan that is entering from the Tosari village to head towards the centre of the tourist attraction (the sand ocean) was considered to be heavy because the area that must be followed could not be passed through by the wheel vehicle 4 normally this was caused the descendants's road from penanjakan to the side of the sand ocean really steep, except for we leased the jeep that was provided by the tour manager, so tourists many that walked to head towards the centre of the location. However if we through the north door from the side of before entering probolinggo that is to the Tongas area, we will head the village cemoro the gate before descending towards the sand ocean then not too heavy was caused by the descendants from his slope not too steep so as the motorcycle could then go through him. Most of the tourists who wanted to find it easy to reach the sand ocean beyond this route. However when you want to witnessed sunrise that often was put forward in the photograph - the photograph, that often was photographed from the peak penanjakan then you were more practical beyond the west door route.

However when you had the spirit of the wanderer then you could try the rare trip route was passed through by tourists. That is going through your Malang city entered through the small city tumpang afterwards entered the city pronojiwo then will go through the very beautiful nature reserve from here you will encounter the road three-way intersection where to the side of south will enter ranu pane (to the side of the mountain a pagoda) and to the side of north you entered the sand ocean bromo that was on the Mount Bromo back next south. This three-way intersection was named Jemplang. The trip was preceeded with menuruni the hill that afterwards was welcomed with the long meadow kelamaan changed to the sand ocean. This road will orbit Mount Bromo beyond the sand ocean for approximately 3 hours. This route in fact was not too steep and could be passed through by the motorcycle, but needed the spirit of the wanderer because his route that was still rare was passed and was not any the stopover and the inhabitants's house.

We will be true- true was served with the very defiant trip. However you will be rewarded confidentially Bromo that was other, that was very rare was seen by tourists, that is Padang ruput savannah and the very wide flower was overturned Mount Bromo. Truly scenery that berkebalikan to the Utaranya side that was dry and dusty. However must be remembered, better should not go through this route tonight and or in the hazy weather. The route will not be seen in kondidi like this. The sand ocean was the tour mainstay from Mount Bromo, in the wild cool mountains, we could see the desert and the wide field. Whereas that most was expected from Mount Bromo to be sightview when the sun rose and set because indeed will look very clear and very beautiful. Although the trip to Bromo very dusty, but not was felt, because of beauty that was served really extraordinary.

Went on holiday headed bromo could be considered to be practical when you liked the type traveller and went through the north door route. You could carry out the visit in a period of 12 hours then. Definitely when you began him from the Surabaya city, Malang, Jember and surrounding area. The trip could be begun from 12 o'clock in the evening so as you would to around struck 2 - 3 days. Where you could rest beforehand before saw sunrise. The seller of food and the drink in the area of the sand ocean usually is opened around struck 3 days, so as you could have gotten ready - was ready to carry out the climb through the peak step bromo that was famous that. Enjoy scenery up until 9 o'clock during the day and you could then come back arrived in your departure city around 12 afternoon. As the note, if you carried out the trip diareal the sand ocean in the middle of night darkness, as the standard headed the area parked around your Temple could see the marker from the deliberate concrete was given as penunjuk headed the area of the temple, and if you were lost should not panic and continue the trip (moreover in the middle of the thick fog), was waiting because usually from 2 o'clock - 3 days of several rented horsemen passed by area of the sand ocean.

for the inhabitants Bromo, the Tengger ethnic group, of Gunung Brahma (Bromo) was believed as the holy mountain. A year very much the Tengger community held the Yadnya Kasada ceremony or Kasodo. This ceremony took place in a temple that was below foot Mount Bromo north and was continued to the Mount Bromo peak. The ceremony was held at midnight till dawn every month the full moon around the date 14 or 15 in the Kasodo month (the ten) according to the Javanese calendar.